<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2026 Workiva-->
<!--r:019cd2bc-1553-7d94-a134-3daa4a22899f,g:2865a54d-8b08-44fa-b25b-50f314ff4e31-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:elan="http://www.elanco.com/20260331" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://www.elanco.com/20260331">
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2025/elts/srt-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2025/elts/us-gaap-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2024-01-31/types.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2025/country-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2025/ecd-2025.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="elan-20260331_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="elan-20260331_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="elan-20260331_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="elan-20260331_cal.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/calculationLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:roleType id="CoverPage" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CoverPage">
        <link:definition>0000001 - Document - Cover Page</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofOperationsUnaudited" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofOperationsUnaudited">
        <link:definition>9952151 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofComprehensiveLossIncomeUnaudited" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofComprehensiveLossIncomeUnaudited">
        <link:definition>9952152 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheets" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheets">
        <link:definition>9952153 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CondensedConsolidatedBalanceSheetsParenthetical">
        <link:definition>9952154 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofEquityUnaudited" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofEquityUnaudited">
        <link:definition>9952155 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofCashFlowsUnaudited" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CondensedConsolidatedStatementsofCashFlowsUnaudited">
        <link:definition>9952156 - Statement - Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="BasisofPresentationandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPolicies" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/BasisofPresentationandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPolicies">
        <link:definition>9952157 - Disclosure - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="NewFinancialAccountingPronouncements" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/NewFinancialAccountingPronouncements">
        <link:definition>9952158 - Disclosure - New Financial Accounting Pronouncements</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="Revenue" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/Revenue">
        <link:definition>9952159 - Disclosure - Revenue</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AcquisitionsandDivestitures" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/AcquisitionsandDivestitures">
        <link:definition>9952160 - Disclosure - Acquisitions and Divestitures</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialCharges" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialCharges">
        <link:definition>9952161 - Disclosure - Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="Inventories" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/Inventories">
        <link:definition>9952162 - Disclosure - Inventories</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DebtandFinanceLeaseLiability" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/DebtandFinanceLeaseLiability">
        <link:definition>9952163 - Disclosure - Debt and Finance Lease Liability</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstruments" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FinancialInstruments">
        <link:definition>9952164 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FairValue" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FairValue">
        <link:definition>9952165 - Disclosure - Fair Value</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenue" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenue">
        <link:definition>9952166 - Disclosure - Liability for Sale of Future Revenue</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxes" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/IncomeTaxes">
        <link:definition>9952167 - Disclosure - Income Taxes</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingencies" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CommitmentsandContingencies">
        <link:definition>9952168 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="EarningsPerShare" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/EarningsPerShare">
        <link:definition>9952169 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="BusinessSegmentInformation" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/BusinessSegmentInformation">
        <link:definition>9952170 - Disclosure - Business Segment Information</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="BasisofPresentationandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/BasisofPresentationandSummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesPolicies">
        <link:definition>9955511 - Disclosure - Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RevenueTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/RevenueTables">
        <link:definition>9955512 - Disclosure - Revenue (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesTables">
        <link:definition>9955513 - Disclosure - Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InventoriesTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/InventoriesTables">
        <link:definition>9955514 - Disclosure - Inventories (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityTables">
        <link:definition>9955515 - Disclosure - Debt and Finance Lease Liability (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsTables">
        <link:definition>9955516 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FairValueTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FairValueTables">
        <link:definition>9955517 - Disclosure - Fair Value (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenueTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenueTables">
        <link:definition>9955518 - Disclosure - Liability for Sale of Future Revenue (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/IncomeTaxesTables">
        <link:definition>9955519 - Disclosure - Income Taxes (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="EarningsPerShareTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/EarningsPerShareTables">
        <link:definition>9955520 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="BusinessSegmentInformationTables" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/BusinessSegmentInformationTables">
        <link:definition>9955521 - Disclosure - Business Segment Information (Tables)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RevenueScheduleofActivityinSalesRebatesandDiscountsLiabilityDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/RevenueScheduleofActivityinSalesRebatesandDiscountsLiabilityDetails">
        <link:definition>9955522 - Disclosure - Revenue - Schedule of Activity in Sales Rebates and Discounts Liability (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RevenueNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/RevenueNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955523 - Disclosure - Revenue - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="RevenueScheduleofDisaggregationofRevenueDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/RevenueScheduleofDisaggregationofRevenueDetails">
        <link:definition>9955524 - Disclosure - Revenue - Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AcquisitionsandDivestituresDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/AcquisitionsandDivestituresDetails">
        <link:definition>9955525 - Disclosure - Acquisitions and Divestitures (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesScheduleofComponentofAssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesScheduleofComponentofAssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955526 - Disclosure - Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges - Schedule of Component of Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesScheduleofActivityinReservesDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesScheduleofActivityinReservesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955527 - Disclosure - Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges - Schedule of Activity in Reserves (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/AssetImpairmentRestructuringandOtherSpecialChargesNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955528 - Disclosure - Asset Impairment, Restructuring and Other Special Charges - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="InventoriesDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/InventoriesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955529 - Disclosure - Inventories (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityLongtermDebtDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityLongtermDebtDetails">
        <link:definition>9955530 - Disclosure - Debt and Finance Lease Liability - Long-term Debt (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityLongtermDebtDetails_1" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityLongtermDebtDetails_1">
        <link:definition>9955530 - Disclosure - Debt and Finance Lease Liability - Long-term Debt (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/DebtandFinanceLeaseLiabilityNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955531 - Disclosure - Debt and Finance Lease Liability - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955532 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofNetLossesGainsonDerivativeInstrumentsDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FinancialInstrumentsScheduleofNetLossesGainsonDerivativeInstrumentsDetails">
        <link:definition>9955533 - Disclosure - Financial Instruments - Schedule of Net Losses/Gains on Derivative Instruments (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FairValueScheduleofFairValueInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FairValueScheduleofFairValueInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>9955534 - Disclosure - Fair Value - Schedule of Fair Value Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="FairValueNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/FairValueNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955535 - Disclosure - Fair Value - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenueNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenueNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955536 - Disclosure - Liability for Sale of Future Revenue - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenueScheduleofSaleofFutureRevenueActivityDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/LiabilityforSaleofFutureRevenueScheduleofSaleofFutureRevenueActivityDetails">
        <link:definition>9955537 - Disclosure - Liability for Sale of Future Revenue - Schedule of Sale of Future Revenue Activity (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesScheduleofProvisionforTaxesonIncomeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/IncomeTaxesScheduleofProvisionforTaxesonIncomeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955538 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Schedule of Provision for Taxes on Income (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="IncomeTaxesNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/IncomeTaxesNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955539 - Disclosure - Income Taxes - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/CommitmentsandContingenciesDetails">
        <link:definition>9955540 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="EarningsPerShareDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/EarningsPerShareDetails">
        <link:definition>9955541 - Disclosure - Earnings Per Share (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="BusinessSegmentInformationNarrativeDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/BusinessSegmentInformationNarrativeDetails">
        <link:definition>9955542 - Disclosure - Business Segment Information - Narrative (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="BusinessSegmentInformationScheduleofSegmentReportingInformationDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/BusinessSegmentInformationScheduleofSegmentReportingInformationDetails">
        <link:definition>9955543 - Disclosure - Business Segment Information - Schedule of Segment Reporting Information (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
      <link:roleType id="BusinessSegmentInformationScheduleofDepreciationandAmortizationDetails" roleURI="http://www.elanco.com/role/BusinessSegmentInformationScheduleofDepreciationandAmortizationDetails">
        <link:definition>9955544 - Disclosure - Business Segment Information - Schedule of Depreciation and Amortization (Details)</link:definition>
        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
      </link:roleType>
    </xs:appinfo>
  </xs:annotation>
  <xs:element id="elan_SaleOfFutureRevenueLiabilityNoncurrent" abstract="false" name="SaleOfFutureRevenueLiabilityNoncurrent" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_SecuritizationFacilityMember" abstract="true" name="SecuritizationFacilityMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PurchaseAndSaleAgreementSoldPortionOfRoyaltyRevenue" abstract="false" name="PurchaseAndSaleAgreementSoldPortionOfRoyaltyRevenue" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PurchaseAndSaleAgreementInterestOnLiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenue" abstract="false" name="PurchaseAndSaleAgreementInterestOnLiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenue" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_LiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueAbstract" abstract="true" name="LiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueAbstract" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_LiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueTextBlock" abstract="false" name="LiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_DisclosureOfLiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueActivityTableTextBlock" abstract="false" name="DisclosureOfLiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueActivityTableTextBlock" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:textBlockItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityRollForward" abstract="true" name="ChangeInContractWithCustomerLiabilityRollForward" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingCurrentYearAdditions" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityRevenueRecognizedIncludingCurrentYearAdditions" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityIncreaseFromCashReceipts" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityIncreaseFromCashReceipts" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ContractWithCustomerLiabilityForeignCurrencyTranslation" abstract="false" name="ContractWithCustomerLiabilityForeignCurrencyTranslation" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ProductReturnConcentrationRiskMember" abstract="true" name="ProductReturnConcentrationRiskMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_GlobalCustomersMember" abstract="true" name="GlobalCustomersMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_CustomerAMember" abstract="true" name="CustomerAMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PetHealthMember" abstract="true" name="PetHealthMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_FarmAnimalMember" abstract="true" name="FarmAnimalMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_CattleMember" abstract="true" name="CattleMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PoultryMember" abstract="true" name="PoultryMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_SwineMember" abstract="true" name="SwineMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ContractManufacturingMember" abstract="true" name="ContractManufacturingMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_BlackstoneLifeSciencesAndBlackstoneCreditInsuranceMember" abstract="true" name="BlackstoneLifeSciencesAndBlackstoneCreditInsuranceMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_AHVInternationalB.VMember" abstract="true" name="AHVInternationalB.VMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_NewZealandManufacturingFacilityMember" abstract="true" name="NewZealandManufacturingFacilityMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredGuaranteed" abstract="false" name="BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredGuaranteed" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredContingentConsideration" abstract="false" name="BusinessCombinationConsiderationTransferredContingentConsideration" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_DisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationNumberOfEmployeesTransferred" abstract="false" name="DisposalGroupIncludingDiscontinuedOperationNumberOfEmployeesTransferred" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_RestructuringChargesNonCash" abstract="false" name="RestructuringChargesNonCash" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_DisposalGroupNotDiscontinuedOperationOtherSpecialCharges" abstract="false" name="DisposalGroupNotDiscontinuedOperationOtherSpecialCharges" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_TermLoanBDue2032Member" abstract="true" name="TermLoanBDue2032Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_EuroTermLoanDue2029Member" abstract="true" name="EuroTermLoanDue2029Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_IncrementalTermFacilityDue2028Member" abstract="true" name="IncrementalTermFacilityDue2028Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_IncrementalTermFacilityDue2029Member" abstract="true" name="IncrementalTermFacilityDue2029Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_IncrementalTermFacilityDue2031Member" abstract="true" name="IncrementalTermFacilityDue2031Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_IncrementalTermFacilityDue2032Member" abstract="true" name="IncrementalTermFacilityDue2032Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_SeniorNotesDue2028Member" abstract="true" name="SeniorNotesDue2028Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_DerivativeNotionalAmountNotYetEffective" abstract="false" name="DerivativeNotionalAmountNotYetEffective" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetInvestmentHedgeGainLossNetOfTax" abstract="false" name="OtherComprehensiveIncomeLossNetInvestmentHedgeGainLossNetOfTax" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PurchaseAndSaleAgreementConsiderationReceived" abstract="false" name="PurchaseAndSaleAgreementConsiderationReceived" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PurchaseAndSaleAgreementFutureRoyaltiesPercentage" abstract="false" name="PurchaseAndSaleAgreementFutureRoyaltiesPercentage" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:pureItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_LiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueLineItems" abstract="true" name="LiabilityForSaleOfFutureRevenueLineItems" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:stringItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PurchaseAndSaleAgreementLiability" abstract="false" name="PurchaseAndSaleAgreementLiability" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_PurchaseAndSaleAgreementEffectiveInterestRate" abstract="false" name="PurchaseAndSaleAgreementEffectiveInterestRate" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="instant" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPercentAdjusted" abstract="false" name="EffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationPercentAdjusted" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:percentItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_JosephBarparV.ElancoAnimalHealthInc.Member" abstract="true" name="JosephBarparV.ElancoAnimalHealthInc.Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ChristopherDoughertyV.ElancoAnimalHealthInc.Member" abstract="true" name="ChristopherDoughertyV.ElancoAnimalHealthInc.Member" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_TracySpradlinTevraBrandsLLCAndSusanKrausSilfenVElancoAnimalHealthIncMember" abstract="true" name="TracySpradlinTevraBrandsLLCAndSusanKrausSilfenVElancoAnimalHealthIncMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_LossContingencyNumberOfExecutives" abstract="false" name="LossContingencyNumberOfExecutives" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_LossContingencyNumberOfBoardMembers" abstract="false" name="LossContingencyNumberOfBoardMembers" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="xbrli:integerItemType"/>
  <xs:element id="elan_ReportableSegmentMember" abstract="true" name="ReportableSegmentMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types:domainItemType"/>
</xs:schema>
